1- Oral cancer, one of the major risks of smoking
We speak of oral cancer when a malignant tumor develops in any of the structures of the mouth such as the mucous membranes, palate, tongue, lip, gums or bones. Cancer occurs when carcinogenic agents act on cells and alter their genetic material, producing a mutation. These damaged cells can divide and multiply excessively in the body. Although there are several triggers for this disease, 8 out of 10 patients with oral cancer are regular smokers.
2- Tobacco and its relation to periodontal disease
Periodontal disease is that which affects the support apparatus of the teeth, such as the gums, bone and periodontal ligament. We speak of gingivitis when there is inflammation of the gums, but the bone is not damaged. On the other hand, if there is bone loss, we catalog it as periodontitis, which can lead to tooth loss in the most advanced cases. In fact, periodontitis is the first cause of tooth loss in adults, above caries. Although periodontal disease has an important genetic factor, it can be accentuated by various factors such as smoking. According to the NHANES study, smokers are four times more likely to develop it. In addition, smoking can mask a warning sign of active periodontitis, such as bleeding and swollen gums, due to its vasoconstrictive effect.
3- Smokers have a higher risk of infections and worse healing.
The effect of nicotine in the mouth causes a decrease in the blood supply to the tissues, resulting in a decrease in the blood supply to the tissues and thus a reduced supply of oxygen and white blood cells. white blood cells that can fight possible infections. It has also been proven that smokers tend to have slower healing after oral surgery.
4- Dental alveolitis: a painful infection closely related to smoking.
After a dental extraction, the mouth generates a clot in the alveolus that favors the healing and regeneration of the tissues. However, in some cases this clot may not form or may not form correctly, causing a very painful infection known as alveolitis. One of the main reasons for this healing not occurring correctly is smoking, since the nicotine substance constricts the blood vessels, minimizing the blood supply to the alveolus.
5- Do you have dental implants? Smoking can cause their loss
Dental implants are titanium attachments that serve as “artificial roots” where there are no teeth in order to anchor a fixed dental prosthesis on them. Although they do not usually cause problems, there is
6- Cigarettes cause xerostomia
Suffering from xerostomia or dry mouth, that is, having an inadequate flow of saliva, has many negative consequences on oral health. Saliva acts against pathogenic organisms and is a fundamental ally in the process of cleaning and protecting teeth and gums. However, tobacco causes dry mouth, which makes us more vulnerable, among other things, to caries.
7- Dental caries
Dental caries is an infectious disease caused by bacteria in the mouth. Dental hygiene and having a correct flow of saliva is essential to control the development and activity of these bacteria, something that, as we have seen, is not favored by tobacco consumption.
8- Smoking causes halitosis
Halitosis is the condition of having bad breath. The lack of saliva is one of the main causes of this problem, but the smell of tobacco itself also accentuates it. In addition, tobacco irritates the mucous membranes of the mouth and respiratory tract, which prevents proper oxygenation with consequent damage to the breath.
9- Stains and yellow teeth: a common problem among smokers
Maintaining the original color of the teeth requires careful dental hygiene and regular visits to the dentist. In the case of smokers, this need is even greater, since the nicotine and tar contained in cigarettes are deposited on the tooth surfaceand can penetrate the dentinal tubules, staining and yellowing them.
10- Fungi in the mouth and other oral mucosal lesions
Another negative consequence of smoking is that it alters the oral microflora, which favors the development of fungi in the mouth such as candidiasis or mucosal lesions such as pemphigus, leukoplakia or lichen planus, which in turn, may have a risk of malignancy causing oral cancer.
11- Effects on the skin
The effect of tobacco on the appearance and health of the skin is well known, as its prolonged use causes premature aging. But
12- Tobacco causes deterioration of taste and smell.
The last consequence of smoking that we would like to mention is that this bad habit also affects the sense of taste and smell. The action of tobacco limits the perception of smells and tastes according to a study by the American Dental Association (ADA).
Smoking has a significant and negative impact on oral health, causing problems ranging from tooth stains and bad breath to serious diseases such as periodontitis and oral cancer. These consequences not only affect the appearance of your smile, but also your overall well-being. Quitting smoking is the best decision to protect your mouth, prevent complications and enjoy optimal oral health – your smile will thank you!
